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Hierarchy is a form of organisation of complex systems that rely on or produce a strong differentiation in capacity (power and size) between the parts of the system. It is frequently observed within the natural living world as well as in social institutions. According to the authors, hierarchy results from random processes, follows an intentional design, or is the result of the organisation which ensures an optimal circulation of energy for information. This book reviews ancient and modern representations and explanations of hierarchies, and compares their relevance in a variety of fields, such as language, societies, cities, and living species. It throws light on concepts and models such as scaling laws, fractals and self-organisation that are fundamental in the dynamics and morphology of complex systems. At a time when networks are celebrated for their efficiency, flexibility and better social acceptance, much can be learned about the persistent universality and adaptability of hierarchies, and from the analogies and differences between biological and social organisation and processes. This book addresses a wide audience of biologists and social scientists, as well as managers and executives in a variety of institutions.
Hierarchies. --- Order --- Geografie --- Sociale en economische geografie --- Algemeen. --- Social stratification --- Organization. --- Social sciences --- Systems theory. --- Social sciences. --- Genetic epistemology. --- Statistics. --- Methodology of the Social Sciences. --- Systems Theory, Control. --- Social Sciences, general. --- Epistemology. --- Statistics for Life Sciences, Medicine, Health Sciences. --- Methodology. --- System theory. --- Statistical analysis --- Statistical data --- Statistical methods --- Statistical science --- Mathematics --- Econometrics --- Developmental psychology --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Behavioral sciences --- Human sciences --- Sciences, Social --- Social science --- Social studies --- Civilization --- Organisation --- Management --- Systems, Theory of --- Systems science --- Science --- Philosophy --- Planning. --- Statistics . --- Epistemology --- Theory of knowledge --- Psychology --- Creation (Literary, artistic, etc.) --- Executive ability --- Organization --- Social sciences (general) --- Biomathematics. Biometry. Biostatistics --- Environmental planning --- Linguistics --- medische statistiek --- ruimtelijke ordening --- biostatistiek --- sociale wetenschappen --- epistomologie --- linguïstiek --- biometrie --- kennisleer
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This book provides a thorough discussion about fundamental questions regarding urban theories and modeling. It is a curated collection of contributions to a workshop held in Paris on October 12th and 13th 2017 at the Institute of Complex Systems by the team of ERC GeoDiverCity. There are several chapters conveying the answers given by single authors to problems of conceptualization and modeling and others in which scholars reply to their conception and question them. Even, the chapters transcribing keynote presentations were rewritten according to contributions from the respective discussions. The result is a complete “state of the art” of what is our knowledge about urban processes and their possible formalization.
Economics --- Computer. Automation --- Economic geography --- complexiteit --- ruimtelijke ordening --- economie --- Environmental planning --- Urbanization --- Social Welfare --- Urban geography. --- Urban economics. --- Computational complexity. --- Urban Geography / Urbanism (inc. megacities, cities, towns). --- Urban Economics. --- Complexity.
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Urbanization --- Urbanisation --- History --- Histoire --- -Cities and towns, Movement to --- Urban development --- Urban systems --- Cities and towns --- Social history --- Sociology, Rural --- Sociology, Urban --- Urban policy --- Rural-urban migration --- -History --- Cities and towns, Movement to --- Economic development. --- Sociology, Urban. --- Urbanization - France - History --- Urban areas
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Social geography --- France --- Europe, Southern --- -France --- Europe --- -Southern Europe --- Council of Europe countries --- Pʻŭrangsŭ --- Frankrig --- Francja --- Frant︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Prantsusmaa --- Francia (Republic) --- Tsarfat --- Tsorfat --- Franḳraykh --- Frankreich --- Fa-kuo --- Faguo --- Франция --- French Republic --- République française --- Peurancih --- Frankryk --- Franse Republiek --- Francland --- Frencisc Cynewīse --- فرنسا --- Faransā --- Franza --- Republica Franzesa --- Gallia (Republic) --- Hyãsia --- Phransiya --- Fransa --- Fransa Respublikası --- Franse --- Францыя --- Frantsyi︠a︡ --- Французская Рэспубліка --- Frantsuzskai︠a︡ Rėspublika --- Parancis --- Pransya --- Franis --- Francuska --- Republika Francuska --- Bro-C'hall --- Френска република --- Frenska republika --- França --- República Francesa --- Pransiya --- Republikang Pranses --- Γαλλία --- Gallia --- Γαλλική Δημοκρατία --- Gallikē Dēmokratia --- فرانسه --- Farānsah --- צרפת --- רפובליקה הצרפתית --- Republiḳah ha-Tsarfatit --- פראנקרייך --- 法国 --- 法蘭西共和國 --- Falanxi Gongheguo --- フランス --- Furansu --- フランス共和国 --- Furansu Kyōwakoku --- Francija --- Ranska --- Frankrike --- Historical geography. --- Historical geography --- Relations --- -Relations --- -Economic conditions --- -Europe, Southern --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Eurasia --- Southern Europe --- France (Provisional government, 1944-1946) --- Economic conditions --- Europe méridionale --- Geography --- Géographie --- Europe [Southern ] --- 20th century --- Europe du Sud --- Geography. --- Fa-lan-hsi --- Falanxi --- Frankrijk --- Frant︠s︡ --- Frant︠s︡ Uls --- Франц --- Франц Улс --- 法蘭西 --- 프랑스 --- France - Historical geography --- Europe, Southern - Historical geography --- France - Relations - Europe --- Europe - Relations - France --- France - Economic conditions - 20th century --- Europe, Southern - Economic conditions - 20th century
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Economic geography --- Social geography --- Europe --- Urban economics --- Urban policy --- Cities and towns --- Urbanization --- Economie urbaine --- Politique urbaine --- Villes --- Urbanisation --- Stedelijke gebieden --- Verstedelijking --- Verstedelijking. --- Cities and towns - Europe --- Urbanization - Europe
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Cities and towns --- Urbanization --- Villes --- Urbanisation --- -Cities and towns --- -Cities and towns, Movement to --- Urban development --- Urban systems --- Social history --- Sociology, Rural --- Sociology, Urban --- Urban policy --- Rural-urban migration --- Global cities --- Municipalities --- Towns --- Urban areas --- Human settlements --- Geografie --- Landschapskunde --- Historische geografie --- Algemeen. --- Économie urbaine --- Urbanization - France --- Cities and towns - France --- Systèmes auto-organisés --- France
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Geography --- Encyclopedias --- Géographie --- Dictionaries --- French --- Dictionnaires français --- #KVHA:Geografie. Encyclopedieen. Frans --- Schoolbooks - Didactic material --- Geography - Encyclopedias --- Géographie (discipline)
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Villes --- Vie urbaine --- Economie urbaine --- Cities and towns --- City and town life --- Urban economics --- Croissance --- Congresses --- Growth --- -City and town life --- -911.3:33 --- Congresses. --- 911.3:33 --- City life --- Town life --- Urban life --- Sociology, Urban --- Global cities --- Municipalities --- Towns --- Urban areas --- Urban systems --- Human settlements --- Growth&delete& --- Economic geography --- City planning --- Urbanisme --- Research --- Statistics --- Recherche --- Statistiques --- Géographie urbaine --- Cities and towns - France - Congresses. --- City and town life - France - Congresses. --- Urban economics - Congresses --- Cities and towns - France - Growth - Congresses. --- Cities and towns - France - Congresses --- City and town life - France - Congresses --- Cities and towns - France - Growth - Congresses --- Villes - France - Congrès --- Vie urbaine - France - Congrès --- Economie urbaine - Congrès --- Villes - France - Croissance - Congrès --- Cities and towns - France - Studies - Urban planning.
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